Mail - E Mail

Header Lines (Gmail)

Reply-To :

The email address you send your response too.


From :

Displays the message sender; very easy to forge.


Content type :

Tells your browser or email client how to interpret the content of the email. Most common character sets are UTF-8 and ISO-8859-1.


MIME-Version :

Declares the email format standard in use. The MIME-Version is typically 1.0.


Subject :

The subject of the email contents.


To :

The intended recipients of the email; may show other addresses.


DKIM-Signature :

Domain Keys Identified Mail authenticates the domain the email was sent from and should protect against email spoofing and sender fraud.


Received :

The Received line lists each server that the email travels through before hitting your inbox. You read Received lines from bottom to top; the bottom-most line is the originator.


Authentication-Results :

Contains a record of the authentication checks carried out; can contain more than one authentication method.


Received-SPF :

The Sender Policy Framework (SPF) forms part of the email authentication process that stops sender address forgery.


Return-Path :

The location where non-send or bounce messages end up.


ARC-Authentication-Results :

The Authenticated Receive Chain is another authentication standard; ARC verifies the identities of the email intermediaries and servers that forward your message to its final destination.


ARC-Message-Signature :

The signature takes a snapshot of the message header information for validation; similar to DKIM.


ARC-Seal :

Seals the ARC authentication results and the message signature, verifying their contents; similar to DKIM.


X-Received :

Differs to Received in that it is considered non-standard; that is to say, it might not be a permanent address, such as a mail transfer agent or Gmail SMTP server.


X-Google-Smtp-Source :

Shows the email transferring using a Gmail SMTP server.


Delivered-To :

The final recipient of the email in this header.

Undo Send (Gmail)

  1. Log into Gmail, and click the Gear icon (⚙) on the upper-right and select Settings.
  2. Under the General tab , scroll down to Undo Send.
  3. Click the drop-down menu and select whether you want the Undo Send option to appear for 5, 10, 20, or 30 seconds after you hit send.
  4. Scroll to the bottom and click Save Changes.


When you send an email, an Undo button will appear on the bottom left. Click Undo , and the email will return as a draft for you to continue editing.

Use A Plus Sign To Avoid Spam (Gmail)

Suppose your email address is abc@gmail.com.


You have a practically infinite number of Gmail addresses. Just put a plus sign (+) after your name but before the @-sign and then type anything you like there, and the email will still reach you. You can also insert as many full stops (.) as you like , anywhere in the first half of your email address , and they’ll still reach you, too.


So for example you might give the email address abc+amazon@gmail.com to Amazon , the email address abc+twitter@gmail.com to Twitter , and the email address abc+KEYWORD@gmail.com to that other website you have an account on.